English

How to read sheet music

Solfège: do re mi

The syllables of the scale, what they mean, how to show them with the hand, and the chromatic syllables di ri fi si li and te le se me ra. With notation from which the check reads every syllable back.

Solfège (also solmization) names the degrees of the scale with syllables instead of letters: do re mi fa sol la ti do. Singing the syllables, you hear where you are in the scale — which is why it is the first tool of ear training.

The major scale

Engraved by Verovio 6.3.0-425dd7b do re mi fa sol la ti do

Syllable, degree, note and hand sign

SyllableDegreeIn C majorHand sign (Curwen)
do1Cclosed fist, back of the hand up
re2Dflat hand, slanting upwards
mi3Eflat hand, level
fa4Ffist with the thumb pointing down
sol5Gopen hand, palm towards you
la6Aloosely hanging hand, fingers down
ti7Bindex finger slanting up, towards do

The hand signs are shown in front of the body, do at belt height, each sign a little higher than the last — the hand rises with the scale.

Movable do and fixed do

In movable do (English-speaking countries, the Kodály method) do is always the tonic of the key: in G major, G is do. Every syllable then sounds the same in every key — do is rest, ti wants to go to do. In fixed do (France, Italy, Spain) the syllables are simply the note names: do is always C, re always D. There they say si instead of ti; ti was introduced so that every syllable starts with a different letter — s already belonged to sol.

Minor: the scale starts on la

Engraved by Verovio 6.3.0-425dd7b la ti do re mi fa sol la

In movable do, minor keeps everything in place and only calls the tonic la: A minor is la ti do re mi fa sol la. That way major and minor keep their semitones on the same syllables (mi–fa, ti–do).

Chromatic: the syllables in between

Engraved by Verovio 6.3.0-425dd7b do di re ri mi fa fi sol si la li ti do
Engraved by Verovio 6.3.0-425dd7b do ti te la le sol se fa mi me re ra do

Going up, raise with -i: do di re ri mi fa fi sol si la li ti do. Going down, lower with -e: do ti te la le sol se fa mi me re ra do — ra rather than re, because re is taken.

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Every note on this page is computed, not typed in — following the rule that also makes F# major spell its seventh degree E#, not F.