Amazwi amabili — akhala ndawonye futhi aseculeka ngamunye
Amapheya amahlanu okulalela. Kwesokunxele ukubhala okungenziwa kanjalo, kwesokudla okulungile — nengoma ephelele emigqeni eyishumi nanye.
Amazwi amabili asebenza ndawonye kusho: amazwi amabili ahamba ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ngalinye lawo liyingoma ngokwalo. Lokhu kungaphezu kokukhala kahle ndawonye — ukuphelezela okulandela ngokulalela ngesikhala sesithathu akunasici kodwa akulona izwi lesibili. Ubuciko busekutholeni kokubili ngasikhathi sinye: umsindo ohlangene othwalayo, nemigqa emibili engaculwa ngayinye.
Imfundiso ihlelwe ngezinhlobo; lapha kumi eyokuqala, inothi elibhekene nenothi. Womabili amazwi anamaxabiso esikhathi afanayo, ngakho ukuhlangana ngakunye kuyisinqumo ngokwako. Yilokho okwenza uhlobo lokuqala lube yitshe lokuhlola: azikho izinothi zokudlula ezingafihla umsindo omubi ngemuva kwazo.
Lapha kumi amapheya amahlanu eduze kwawo. Kwesokunxele ukubhala okukhulunywa ngakho, kwesokudla isiqalo esifanayo sibhalwe ngemithetho. Zombili izimo zingalalelwa, futhi umehluko cishe uhlala ukhona ngokushesha: ezinhambweni ezifanayo amazwi ancibilikela kube linye, esiphethweni ukugcina kuhlala kuvuliwe.
Izikhala zesihlanu ezifanayo
Izikhala ezintathu zesihlanu zilandelana, womabili amazwi ekhuphuka: leli yiphutha elidume kakhulu ekubhaleni kwamazwi amabili. Isikhala sesihlanu sizwana ngokuphelele, futhi ezimbili eduze kwazo zenza amazwi ancibilikele kube linye — kuzwakala ingoma eyodwa enombala, hhayi imigqa emibili. Kwesokudla izwi eliphansi lifana, eliphezulu lihamba ngokuphikisa, futhi ngokushesha kuba ngamazwi amabili futhi.
Ama-oktava afanayo
Kuyafana ngama-oktava, kuze kucace nakakhulu: izwi eliphezulu liphinda eliphansi kabili futhi liyeka ukuba yizwi ngokwalo. Olalelayo uyabona ukuthi umuzwa cishe awuhlukile engomeni eyodwa. Kwesokudla izwi eliphezulu lisuka ku-oktava lidlule esikhaleni sesithupha liye kwesesithathu, futhi ukuphinda kuba yizwi eliphikisayo.
Ukungezwani esigqishini
Ohlobweni lokuqala kuwo wonke amagqisha kumi isikhala esizwanayo. Kwesokunxele kukhona isikhala sesine nezikhala ezimbili zesikhombisa — imisindo ebiyoludinga ukulungiswa nokuxazululwa ekubhaleni kwamazwi amabili, kodwa lapha imi nje. Kwesokudla kuza esesithathu, esesithathu nesesihlanu. Isikhala sesine yisona esiphikiswa kakhulu: phakathi kwamazwi amabili aphezulu siyasebenza, ngaphezu komsindo ophansi kakhulu asisebenzi.
Isiphetho ekugcineni
Ekugcineni izwi eliphezulu lithwala inothi eliholayo: ukuhlangana kokugcina kwesibili yisikhala esikhulu sesithupha esivulekela ku-oktava. Kwesokunxele inothi eliholayo alikho futhi isikhala sesithupha sihlala sincane — ingoma iphela ku-oktava kodwa ayifiki ngempela. Kokubili kuvumelekile futhi kuzwakala ngokwehlukene; imfundiso endala ifuna isikhala esikhulu sesithupha ekugcineni.
Uketshezi lwezikhala zesithathu
Uketshezi lolu luvumelekile ngokusobala, futhi yingakho lumi lapha: akuwona wonke umsogeo ofanayo owenqatshelwe. Izikhala zesithathu nezesithupha zingalandelana noma zingaki. Kodwa amazwi ahlala eboshelwe komunye nomunye — enza ukunyakaza okufanayo, futhi indlebe izwa ingoma eyodwa enokuphelezela. Kwesokudla ukunyakaza okukodwa okuphikisayo kwanele, futhi ukuphelezela kuba yizwi.
Ingoma ephelele emigqeni eyishumi nanye
Ngezansi kulele i-cantus firmus, okuyingoma enikeziwe; ngaphezu kwayo kuhamba izwi eliphikisayo. Ukuhlangana ngakunye kuyisikhala esizwanayo, asikho isikhala esiphelele esiphindwayo ngokufanayo, futhi ukugcina kudlula esikhaleni esikhulu sesithupha kuya ku-oktava. Ukunyakaza okuphikisayo nokufanayo kuyashintshana — izwi eliphikisayo alilandeli izwi eliphansi ndawo ngaphezu kwezinyathelo ezimbili.
Imithetho emine yohlobo lokuqala
Kukhala ndawonye izikhala ezizwanayo kuphela: isikhala sokuqala, sesithathu, sesihlanu, sesithupha, sesishiyagalombili nezandiso zazo eziya ku-oktava elandelayo. Isikhala sesine asikho phakathi kwazo ekubhaleni kwamazwi amabili — ngaphezu komsindo ophansi kakhulu sibalwa njengesingezwani. Lokhu akuyona indaba yokunambitha kodwa yisinqumo imfundiso yonke emi kuso.
Izikhala ezimbili eziphelele ezizwanayo zohlobo olufanayo zilandelana ziyenqatshelwe uma womabili amazwi ehamba ngakolunye uhlangothi olufanayo: izikhala zesihlanu ezifanayo nama-oktava afanayo. Isizathu siyezwakala futhi akusona nje umyalelo — amazwi ayancibilika ndawonye, kusuka kwamabili kusale elilodwa. Ezikhaleni zesithathu nezesithupha kuvumelekile ukuhamba ngokufanayo, kodwa amazwi ahlala eboshelwe komunye nomunye.
Ukugcina kudlula esiphethweni: ukuhlangana kokugcina kwesibili yisikhala esikhulu sesithupha, okokugcina yi-oktava, futhi izwi eliphezulu likhuphukela lapho ngenothi eliholayo. Imithetho ngalesi simo imi kuJohann Joseph Fux, Gradus ad Parnassum, 1725 — kusukela lapho iyindaba yesikole, futhi kuleli khasi ayishiwo kodwa ibalwa kabusha kusukela emsindweni.
Okumi eceleni
Ukuthi amabanga phakathi kwemisindo emibili abizwa kanjani: Izikhala. Ukuthi ingoma iphela kanjani: Amakhadenza. Ukuthi ingoma enjalo isemodini yiphi: Amamodi.
Izimpawu zamanothi · Amagama omculo
I-Anotona ikwenzela lokhu
Thatha isithombe samanothi noma udlale umculo — i-Anotona ibona isihluthulelo, ibhale amanothi, futhi iwadlulisele kunoma yisiphi esinye. Mahhala.
Bheka i-AnotonaInothi ngalinye kuleli khasi libaliwe, alikopishwanga.