Izinhlobo zomculo — indlela umsebenzi owakhiwe ngayo

Izindlela eziyisithupha zokwakha emculweni owodwa: okuphindwayo, okubuyayo, okubuya kushintshile — nokumi ezingeni lomsindo elihlukile.

Umsebenzi ungaphezu kohlu lwemisindo. Unesakhiwo: kukhona okubuyayo, kukhona okumi phakathi kokubuya, kukhona okubuya futhi ngesimo esishintshile. Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo, futhi yingakho umsebenzi wemizuzu emithathu ungezwakali njengemizuzu emithathu yenhlanhla.

Kuleli khasi umculo olula owodwa umi izikhathi eziyisithupha, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi wakhiwe ngenye indlela. Okushintshayo akukho emisindweni kodwa kusekulandelaneni kwayo — futhi yikhona kanye okungabalwa.

Izithombe ziqoshiwe futhi zikaliwe ngempela: izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwengxenye ngayinye, imigqa emibili ephakathi kwazo nokulandelana kwemisindo kwengxenye ngayinye kusesithombeni nasemsindweni, futhi kokubili kungabekwa eceleni komunye.

I-ostinato

Ngezansi kugeleza isakhiwo esifushane, futhi sigeleza ngokufanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phezu kwaso umculo uqhubeka ukhululekile. Isakhiwo asishintshi, sima nje kuphela — futhi uma nje sisageleza, siphatha konke okuphezu kwaso. Lowo owazi izakhiwo zebhesi zezingoma zanamuhla usazi i-ostinato.

Izingxenye ezintathu zesigqi: ngezansi kathathu isakhiwo esisodwa, phezulu umculo okhululekile

I-kanon

Umculo owodwa kabili, kodwa hhayi kanyekanye: izwi lesibili liqala emuva, bese licula into eyodwa umsindo ngomsindo. Lokho okuzwakala kanyekanye lapho, akukho muntu owakucabanga ngokwehlukene — kuzalwa ekutheni umculo owodwa uziphelezela.

Amazwi amabili, elesibili lingena emuva kwezigqi ezimbili nomculo owodwa

Uhlobo lwengoma

Izingxenye ezintathu, futhi eyokuqala ibuya ekugcineni ingashintshile. Phakathi kwazo kumi okunye, ukuze ukubuya kuzwakale ngempela njengokubuya. Isakhiwo esilula kunazo zonke esizwakala njengento ephelele, futhi yingakho sisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izingxenye ezintathu ezinezinhlamvu u-A, u-B no-A, zihlukaniswe imigqa emibili

I-rondo

Ingxenye eyodwa ibuya izikhathi eziningi, futhi phakathi kokuvela kwayo kumi okusha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Okubuyayo kubamba umsebenzi ndawonye, okuphakathi kuwenza uhambe. Uma ingxenye ebuyayo iza kaningi, umlaleli uyilindela kakhulu.

Izingxenye ezinhlanu: ingxenye ebuyayo kathathu, phakathi kabili okusha

Isihloko nenguquko

Isihloko simi ekuqaleni silula kakhulu. Bese sibuya — sihlotshisiwe, sizungeziwe, sivulelwe emanani esikhathi amancane. Amaphuzu okweseka ahlala enjalo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngabe asisesona isihloko; konke okuphakathi kwawo kusha. Yingakho ingxenye yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi u-A onophawu.

Isihloko ngemisindo yekota, bese leyo misindo izungezwe imisindo yesishiyagalombili

Uhlobo lwe-sonata

Izihloko ezimbili, futhi ekuqaleni zimi emazingeni omsindo ahlukene: esokuqala ezingeni eliyisisekelo, esesibili phezulu. Phakathi kusetshenzwa ngazo zombili. Ekugcineni zombili ziyabuya, manje nesesibili simi ezingeni eliyisisekelo — lokhu kulingana kuyiyo yonke incazelo yalolu hlobo.

Izingxenye ezinhlanu: izihloko ezimbili, ingxenye eyodwa ephakathi, bese kuba yizihloko zombili futhi

Izinhlobo eziyisithupha ngokubuka kanye

Umugqa ngamunye ubiza igama lesakhiwo futhi usho nokuthi sibonakala ngani esithombeni. Uhlu lwezinhlamvu lumi kanjalo ncamashi phezu kwezithombe zaleli khasi; lubaliwe, alucatshangelwanga.

Uhlobo	Isakhiwo	Sibonakala ngani
I-ostinato	Isakhiwo esisodwa, sigeleza singaphezi	Izwi eliphansi lidlala ukulandelana kwemisindo okukodwa kathathu
I-kanon	Umculo owodwa, kabili, ushuthisiwe	Izwi lesibili liphinda elokuqala emuva kwezigqi ezimbili
Uhlobo lwengoma	A B A	Ingxenye yokuqala neyesithathu zizwakala ngokufanayo umsindo ngomsindo
I-rondo	A B A C A	Ingxenye eyodwa izwakala kathathu, ingashintshile
Isihloko nenguquko	A A′	Wonke umsindo wesine wenguquko ungumsindo wesihloko
Uhlobo lwe-sonata	A B C A B	Isihloko sesibili sizwakala phezulu ekuqaleni futhi ezingeni eliyisisekelo ekugcineni

Indlela uhlobo olufundwa ngayo

Izingxenye zithola inhlamvu: eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi u-A, elandelayo ehlukile ngu-B, elandelayo ehluke nakakhulu ngu-C. Uma ingxenye ibuya, ithola futhi inhlamvu yayo endala — yingakho uhlobo lwengoma lufundwa njengo-A B A futhi i-rondo njengo-A B A C A. Uma ibuya ishintshile, ithola olunye uphawu.

Ekubhaleni umculo umugqa omibili uhlukanisa izingxenye, ekugcineni kumi umugqa wokuphetha ocijile. Akukho namunye kuyo oluhlobiso: umugqa omibili uthi lapha kuqala okusha, umculo ungami.

Ezimbili kweziyisithupha aziphathi nhlamvu, ngoba azinazo izingxenye. Ku-ostinato isakhiwo esisodwa sigeleza singashintshi, phezu kwaso kukhona okunye okuhambayo; ku-kanon izwi lesibili licula umculo owodwa, kodwa liphuzile. Isakhiwo sazo simi esinye phezu kwesinye, hhayi esinye ngemuva kwesinye.

Kukhona ini eduze

Indlela imigqa eba yimisindo ngayo: Funda ukufunda umculo obhaliwe. Olubukhali kunazo zonke izinhlobo, lunezinguquko eziyisithupha zesihloko esisodwa: Ifuga. Indlela yokubala ingxenye eyodwa yesigqi ngaphambi kokubala ingxenye ephelele: Izimpawu zesikhathi.

Izimpawu zamanothi · Amagama omculo

I-Anotona ikwenzela lokhu

Thatha isithombe samanothi noma udlale umculo — i-Anotona ibona isihluthulelo, ibhale amanothi, futhi iwadlulisele kunoma yisiphi esinye. Mahhala.

Bheka i-Anotona

Inothi ngalinye kuleli khasi libaliwe, alikopishwanga.