Mawu awiri — omveka pamodzi ndipo aliwonse ukhoza kuimbidwa payekha
Awiriawiri asanu oti mumvetsere. Kumanzere kalembedwe kamene sikalembedwa motero, kumanja kolondola — komanso nyimbo yathunthu ya mipiringidzo khumi ndi imodzi.
Mawu awiri ogwirizana amatanthauza: mawu awiri amayenda nthawi imodzi, ndipo uliwonse pa iwo ndi nyimbo pa iwo okha. Zimenezi ndi zoposa kumveka bwino pamodzi — chotsatira chomwe chimatsata mwaulemu pa mpata wachitatu ndi chopanda cholakwika koma sichili mawu achiwiri. Luso lili pa kukhala ndi zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi: mgwirizano womwe umanyamula, ndi mizere iwiri yomwe uliwonse ungaimbidwe payekha.
Chiphunzitsochi chinakonzedwa mwa mitundu; apa pali woyamba, nyimbo yolimbana ndi nyimbo. Mawu onse awiri ali ndi nthawi zofanana, choncho kukumana kulikonse ndi chisankho pa icho chokha. Ndicho chimene chimapanga mtundu woyamba kukhala mwala woyesera: palibe mawu odutsa omwe mgwirizano woipa ukanabisala kumbuyo kwake.
Apa pali awiriawiri asanu oyandikana. Kumanzere kalembedwe kamene tikukamba, kumanja chiyambi chomwecho cholembedwa mwa malamulo. Mitundu yonse iwiri ingamveke, ndipo kusiyana kumakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse pompopompo: pa kayendedwe kofanana mawu amasungunuka kukhala amodzi, pa mathero mapeto amakhala otseguka.
Mipata yachisanu yofanana
Mipata itatu yachisanu motsatizana, mawu onse awiri kukwera: ichi ndi cholakwika chodziwika kwambiri m’kalembedwe ka mawu awiri. Mpata wachisanu ndi wogwirizana wangwiro, ndipo iwiri oyandikana amachititsa mawu kusungunukira kukhala amodzi — pamamveka nyimbo imodzi yokhala ndi mtundu, osati mizere iwiri. Kumanja mawu apansi ndi omwewo, apamwamba amapita mosiyana, ndipo pompopompo pali mawu awiri kachiwiri.
Oktava zofanana
Zomwezo ndi oktava, koma momveka bwino kwambiri: mawu apamwamba amabwereza apansi kawiri ndipo amasiya kukhala mawu a iwo eni. Amene akumvetsera amaona kuti chithunzichi sichisiyana kwenikweni ndi nyimbo imodzi yokha. Kumanja mawu apamwamba amachokera pa oktava kudzera pa mpata wachisanu ndi chimodzi kupita ku wachitatu, ndipo kubwereza kumakhala mawu otsutsa.
Kusagwirizana pa kugunda
Mu mtundu woyamba pa kugunda kulikonse pali mgwirizano. Kumanzere pali mpata wachinayi ndi mipata iwiri yachisanu ndi chiwiri — mgwirizano umene m’kalembedwe ka mawu awiri ukanafunika kukonzedwa ndi kuthetsedwa, koma apa uli chabe. Kumanja pabwera wachitatu, wachitatu ndi wachisanu. Mpata wachinayi ndiwo wotsutsana kwambiri: pakati pa mawu awiri apamwamba umagwira ntchito, pamwamba pa mawu otsika kwambiri sugwira.
Mathero pa mapeto
Pa mapeto mawu apamwamba amanyamula nyimbo yotsogolera: kukumana komaliza kwachiwiri ndi mpata waukulu wachisanu ndi chimodzi umene umakulira kukhala oktava. Kumanzere nyimbo yotsogolera palibe ndipo mpatawo umakhalabe waung’ono — nyimbo imatha pa oktava koma sifika kwenikweni. Zonse ziwiri ndi zololedwa ndipo zimamveka mosiyana; chiphunzitso chakale chimafuna mpata waukulu wachisanu ndi chimodzi pa mapeto.
Unyolo wa mipata yachitatu
Unyolo umenewu ndi wololedwa momveka bwino, ndipo ndi chifukwa chake uli pano: si kayendedwe kofanana kalikonse koletsedwa. Mipata yachitatu ndi yachisanu ndi chimodzi ingatsatane momwe mungafunire. Koma mawu amakhalabe omangika wina ndi mnzake — amachita kayendedwe komweko, ndipo khutu limamva nyimbo imodzi yokhala ndi chotsatira. Kumanja kayendedwe kamodzi kotsutsana ndi kokwanira, ndipo chotsatira chimakhala mawu.
Nyimbo yathunthu ya mipiringidzo khumi ndi imodzi
Pansi pali cantus firmus, ndiko kuti nyimbo yoperekedwa; pamwamba pake pamayenda mawu otsutsa. Kukumana kulikonse ndi kogwirizana, palibe mpata wangwiro wobwerezedwa mofanana, ndipo mapeto amadutsa pa mpata waukulu wachisanu ndi chimodzi kupita ku oktava. Kayendedwe kotsutsana ndi kofanana kumasinthana — mawu otsutsa satsata mawu apansi paliponse kuposa masitepe awiri.
Malamulo anayi a mtundu woyamba
Pamodzi pamamveka mipata yogwirizana yokha: mpata woyamba, wachitatu, wachisanu, wachisanu ndi chimodzi, wachisanu ndi chitatu ndi zowonjezera zake kupita ku oktava yotsatira. Mpata wachinayi suli pakati pawo m’kalembedwe ka mawu awiri — pamwamba pa mawu otsika kwambiri umawerengedwa ngati wosagwirizana. Ichi si nkhani ya kukoma koma chisankho chomwe chiphunzitso chonse chaimirira pa icho.
Mipata iwiri yangwiro yogwirizana ya mtundu womwewo motsatizana ndi yoletsedwa ngati mawu onse awiri akupita mbali imodzi: mipata yachisanu yofanana ndi oktava zofanana. Chifukwa chake chimamveka ndipo si lamulo chabe — mawu amasungunuka pamodzi, ndipo kuchokera pa awiri patsala mmodzi. Pa mpata wachitatu ndi wachisanu ndi chimodzi zingatheke kuyenda mofanana, koma mawu amakhalabe omangika wina ndi mnzake.
Mapeto amadutsa pa mathero: kukumana komaliza kwachiwiri ndi mpata waukulu wachisanu ndi chimodzi, komaliza ndi oktava, ndipo mawu apamwamba amakwera kumeneko kudzera mu nyimbo yotsogolera. Malamulo mu mawonekedwe awa ali kwa Johann Joseph Fux, Gradus ad Parnassum, 1725 — kuyambira pamenepo ndi nkhani ya sukulu, ndipo patsamba lino sanenedwa koma amawerengedwanso kuchokera ku mawu.
Chomwe chili pambali
Mmene mipata pakati pa mawu awiri imatchedwera: Mipata. Mmene nyimbo imathera: Makadenzi. Nyimbo yotere ili mu modi yanji: Ma modi.
Zizindikiro za noti · Mawu a nyimbo
Anotona amakuchitirani izi
Jambulani pepala la nyimbo kapena imbani nyimboyo — Anotona amazindikira kiyi, amalemba mawu a nyimbo, ndipo amawasuntha ku kiyi ina iliyonse. Kwaulere.
Onani AnotonaMawu aliwonse a nyimbo patsamba lino anawerengedwa, sanakopedwe kwina.