Amandla esandi — iimpawu zokuvakala

Amanqanaba asibhozo amandla esandi ukusuka ku-pianississimo ukuya ku-fortississimo, iimfoloko ze-crescendo ne-diminuendo kunye nokugxininisa okungu-sfz nokungu-fp — kubhalwe ngamanqaku omculo kwaye kuyaviwa; inqanaba ngalinye lithambile okanye lomelele ngokwenene.

Amandla esandi kukuvakala kwesandi kunye notshintsho lwaso. Iimpawu zivela kwisiTaliyane: piano kuthambile, forte komelele, mezzo isiqingatha. Zimi ngaphantsi komgca wamanqaku (ngaphezulu kwiingoma) kwaye zisebenza ade afike uphawu olutsha. Akukho maxabiso angaguqukiyo — u-f kwiquartet yemitya uthambe kunowebhendi yomoya. Amanqanaba ngamaxabiso anxulumene omnye nomnye.

Amanqanaba asibhozo

Ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene inqanaba ngalinye lomelele kancinci — iqhosha lokumamela lidlala ngolo hlobo.

Iimpawu

Uphawu	IsiTaliyane	Intsingiselo
ppp	pianississimo	kuthambe kangangoko kunokwenzeka
pp	pianissimo	kuthe cwaka kakhulu
p	piano	kuthe cwaka
mp	mezzopiano	isiqingatha sokuthamba
mf	mezzoforte	phakathi ngamandla
f	forte	ngamandla
ff	fortissimo	komelele kakhulu
fff	fortississimo	komelele kangangoko kunokwenzeka

Ukomelela nokuthamba

Imfoloko evulekayo yi-crescendo (komelele ngakumbi), evalekayo yi-diminuendo okanye i-decrescendo (kuthambile ngakumbi). Ixela ngokuchanekileyo apho utshintsho luqala khona naphi apho luphela khona; igama elithi cresc. elinamachaphaza emva kwalo lithetha okufanayo kwicandelo elide.

Ukugxininisa

sfz (sforzato) kukugxininisa okunye kuphela kwinqaku elinye, u-fp (fortepiano) sisiqalo esomeleleyo esiqhubeka ngoko nangoko sithambile. Zombini zisebenza kwelo nqaku kuphela; emva koko inqanaba elidlulileyo liyasebenza kwakhona.

Utshintsho nokugxininisa

Uphawu	IsiTaliyane	Intsingiselo
cresc. / <	Crescendo	isandi siyakhula
dim. / >	Diminuendo	isandi siyancipha
sfz	Sforzato	ugxininiso olunye olubukhali
fp	Fortepiano	qala womelele, uqhubeke ngoko nangoko uthambile
subito p	Subito	ngesiquphe — u-sub. p uthetha: kuthambile ngaphandle kotshintsho oluthe chu
poco a poco	Poco a poco	kancinci kancinci — i-cresc. poco a poco yolulekela kwiimivo ezininzi

Iimpawu zamanothi · Amagama omculo · Amaxabiso amanqaku · Funda ukufunda umculo obhaliweyo

I-Anotona iyakwenzela oku

Thatha umfanekiso wamanqaku omculo okanye udlale umculo — i-Anotona iyasibona isitshixo, ibhale amanqaku, ize iwathuthele nakwesiphi na esinye isitshixo. Simahla.

Jonga i-Anotona

Inqaku ngalinye kweli phepha libaliwe, alikhutshelwanga.