Isandi esinye, amagama amabini
Izibini ezintlanu zokumamela: iqhosha elinye kabini, imifanekiso emibini eyahlukileyo yamanqaku. Isandi siyafana, ukubhalwa akufani.
Kwipiyano, phakathi kuka C no D kukho iqhosha elimnyama elinye kuphela. Xa libhaliwe liba zizinto ezibini: u C ophakanyisiweyo okanye u D othotyiweyo. Zombini iindlela zokubhala zivakala ngendlela efanayo — zibizwa ngokuba zi-enharmonic.
Kweli phepha isibini ngasinye simi kabini ecaleni komnye. Lowo umamela yomibini imifanekiso uva isandi esinye esifanayo; lowo uyijongayo ubona amanqaku amabini ahlukeneyo: intloko ihleli inyathelo elinye ngaphezulu okanye ngezantsi, phambi kwayo kumi olunye uphawu. Nguwo kanye lo mahluko olinganiswe apha — ubude besandi buvela kwisandi, indawo yentloko nophawu kuvela kumfanekiso oshicilelweyo.
Ukubhala asingomba wokuthanda. Kuxela apho isandi sivela khona nalapho siya khona: kwiqhosha elinee-sharp linegama elinye, kwelinee-flat linelinye, kwaye ngaphakathi kuluhlu lwee-chord lifumana igama ngokwendima yalo. Lowo ukhetha indlela engachanekanga yokubhala udlala kakuhle, kodwa ubhala into eyahlukileyo koko ebekuthetha.
Iqhosha elimnyama
Imeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu nelula kakhulu: iqhosha eliphakathi kwezandi ezibini ezisisiseko alinanobumba wabo, ngoko liboleka enye kubamelwane — kanye lisuka ezantsi lisenyuswa, kanye lisuka phezulu lisethuselwa. Kumfanekiso intloko yenqaku itsiba inyathelo elinye, kwaye uphawu lutshintsha icala.
Isharp kwiqhosha elimhlophe
Phakathi kuka E no F akukho qhosha limnyama, umgama sele uyisiqingatha sesandi. Ngoko u E ophakanyisiweyo uwela kwiqhosha elibizwa ngokuba ngu F nokuba kunjani. Kubonakala kugqithisile kodwa akunjalo: kwisikali esifuna u E, omileyo apho ngu E ophakanyisiweyo — kungenjalo unobumba omnye ebeza kuza kabini, omnye angezi konke konke.
Ngaphaya komda we-oktave
Kwangokunjalo nasemphethweni ongaphezulu we-oktave: ukusuka ku B ukuya ku C sisiqingatha sesandi, ngoko u B ophakanyisiweyo uwela ku C ongaphezulu. Apha intloko ayishenxi inyathelo elinye kuphela, itshintsha i-oktave — kwisandi akukho nto ivakalayo, kumfanekiso konke kuyabonakala.
Iflat kwiqhosha elimhlophe
Nakwelinye icala: u C othotyiweyo uwela kwiqhosha elingezantsi. Intloko ngoko imi inyathelo elinye ngaphezulu kommelwane wayo ovakala ngokufanayo, phambi kwayo kumi iflat. Iindlela ezinjalo zokubhala azifumaneki rhoqo, kodwa ayisosiphoso — zivela apho iqhosha lizifunayo.
Isharp ephindwe kabini
Ukuphakanyiswa kabini kwangaxeshanye kuphakamisa isandi inyathelo elipheleleyo: intloko ihlala kwinyathelo layo, elicinezelwayo liqhosha lommelwane. Isharp ephindwe kabini ikhangeleka njengomnqamlezo omncinci ojikileyo kwaye phantse imi kuphela apho isikali esizele ziisharp kufuneka sigcine ulandelelwano loonobumba baso.
Amaqhosha amabini, amaqhosha afanayo
Okuyinyaniso ngesandi esinye kuyinyaniso nangeqhosha lonke. U F♯ omkhulu no G♭ omkhulu bacinezela iqhosha ngeqhosha into efanayo — abavakali befana nje, bavakala befana ncam. Kumfanekiso wamanqaku elinye limi neesharp ezintandathu, elinye neeflat ezintandathu.
Elithathwayo limiselwa koko kungqongileyo: umculo ovela ku B omkhulu uqhubeka ebhala iisharp; lowo oya ku D♭ omkhulu ubhala iiflat. Kwakubini kuvakala ngendlela efanayo, kwaye kwakubini yenye kuphela indlela yokubhala eziziyo ngokwayo.
Yintoni emi ecaleni
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphakamisa nezithobayo isandi nokuba zisebenza ixesha elingakanani, kukwi Iimpawu zotshintsho. Leliphi iqhosha elinazo zingaphi nokuba zinxulumana njani, kukwi Izitshixo.
Iimpawu zamanothi · Izitshixo · Amagama omculo
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