Iintlobo zomculo — indlela umsebenzi owakhiwe ngayo
Iindlela ezintandathu zokwakha kumculo omnye: oko kuphindwayo, oko kubuyayo, oko kubuya kutshintshile — noko kumi kwelinye inqanaba lesandi.
Umsebenzi ungaphezulu komgca wezandi. Unolwakhiwo: kukho into ebuyayo, kukho into emi phakathi kokubuya, kukho into ebuya kwakhona ngesimo esitshintshileyo. Olu lwakhiwo lubizwa ngokuba luhlobo, kwaye yiyo nale nto umsebenzi wemizuzu emithathu ungavakali njengemizuzu emithathu yetyeli.
Kweli phepha umculo olula omnye umi izihlandlo ezintandathu, kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha wakhiwe ngenye indlela. Oko kutshintshayo akukho kwizandi kodwa kukwindlela ezilandelelana ngayo — kwaye yiyo kanye into enokubalwa.
Imifanekiso ikroliwe yaza yalinganiswa ngokwenene: oonobumba abangaphezulu kwesahlulo ngasinye, imigca emibini phakathi kwabo kunye nolandelelwano lwezandi lwesahlulo ngasinye zikwimifanekiso nakwisandi, kwaye zombini zinokubekwa ecaleni komnye.
I-ostinato
Ngezantsi kuhamba isakhelo esifutshane, kwaye sihamba ngokufanayo ngamaxesha onke. Ngaphezulu kwaso umculo uqhubeka ukhululekile. Isakhelo asitshintshi, siyema nje kuphela — kwaye lo gama sisahamba, sithwala konke okungaphezulu kwaso. Lowo uwaziyo amasakhelo ebhesi eengoma zanamhlanje uyayazi i-ostinato.
I-kanon
Umculo omnye kabini, kodwa hayi ngaxeshanye: ilizwi lesibini liqala emva, lize licule loo nto inye isandi ngesandi. Oko kuvakalayo kunye apho, akukho mntu wakucingayo kwahlukile — kuzalwa kukuzikhaphela komculo omnye.
Uhlobo lwengoma
Amasahlulo amathathu, kwaye elokuqala libuya ekugqibeleni lingatshintshanga. Phakathi kwawo kumi enye into, ukuze ukubuya kuvakale ngokwenene njengokubuya. Olona lwakhiwo lulula oluvakala njengento epheleleyo, kwaye kungoko lusetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-rondo
Isahlulo esinye sibuya izihlandlo ezininzi, kwaye phakathi kokubonakala kwaso kumi into entsha ngalo lonke ixesha. Oko kubuyayo kubamba umsebenzi ube mnye, oko kuphakathi kwenza ushukume. Okukhona isahlulo esibuyayo sisiza rhoqo, kokukhona umphulaphuli esilindele.
Umxholo notshintsho
Umxholo umi ekuqaleni ulula kakhulu. Emva koko uyabuya — uhonjisiwe, ujikelezisiwe, uvulelwe kumaxabiso amaxesha amancinci. Amanqaku okuxhasa ahlala enjalo, kungenjalo ngewayengasengomxholo; konke okuphakathi kwawo kutsha. Kungoko isahlulo sesibini sibizwa ngokuba nguA onophawu.
Uhlobo lwe-sonata
Imixholo emibini, kwaye ekuqaleni imi kumanqanaba esandi ahlukeneyo: owokuqala kwinqanaba elisisiseko, owesibini ngaphezulu. Phakathi kusetyenzwa ngayo yomibini. Ekugqibeleni yomibini iyabuya, kwaye ngoku nowesibini umi kwinqanaba elisisiseko — olu lungelelwaniso lubhekisa kuyo yonke intsingiselo yolu hlobo.
Iintlobo ezintandathu ngokujonga kanye
Umgca ngamnye ubiza igama lolwakhiwo kwaye uthi nokuba luqondwa ngantoni emfanekisweni. Imigca yoonobumba imi kanye ngolo hlobo ngaphezulu kwemifanekiso yeli phepha; ibaliwe, ayiqikelelwanga.
| Uhlobo | Ulwakhiwo | Luqondwa ngantoni |
|---|---|---|
| I-ostinato | Isakhelo esinye, sihamba singaphezi | Ilizwi elingezantsi lidlala ulandelelwano lwezandi olunye kathathu |
| I-kanon | Umculo omnye, kabini, ushenxisiwe | Ilizwi lesibini liphinda elokuqala emva kwezibetho ezibini |
| Uhlobo lwengoma | A B A | Isahlulo sokuqala nesesithathu zivakala ngokufanayo isandi ngesandi |
| I-rondo | A B A C A | Isahlulo esinye sivakala kathathu, singatshintshanga |
| Umxholo notshintsho | A A′ | Isandi ngasinye sesine sotshintsho sisandi somxholo |
| Uhlobo lwe-sonata | A B C A B | Umxholo wesibini uvakala ngaphezulu ekuqaleni nakwinqanaba elisisiseko ekugqibeleni |
Indlela uhlobo olufundwa ngayo
Amasahlulo afumana unobumba: elokuqala libizwa ngokuba nguA, elilandelayo elahlukileyo nguB, elilandelayo elahluke ngokunjalo nguC. Xa isahlulo sibuya, sifumana kwakhona unobumba waso omdala — kungoko uhlobo lwengoma lufundwa njengoA B A kwaye i-rondo njengoA B A C A. Ukuba sibuya sitshintshile, sifumana olunye uphawu.
Ekubhaleni umculo umgca omibini wahlula amasahlulo, ekugqibeleni kumi umgca wokugqiba otyebileyo. Akukho namnye kuyo oluhombiso: umgca omibini uthi apha kuqala into entsha, ngaphandle kokuba umculo ume.
Ezimbini kwezintandathu azithwali nobumba, kuba azinawo amasahlulo. Kwi-ostinato isakhelo esinye sihamba singatshintshi, ngaphezulu kwaso kukho enye into eshukumayo; kwi-kanon ilizwi lesibini licula umculo omnye, kodwa lisemva. Ulwakhiwo lwazo lumi olunye phezu kolunye, hayi olunye emva kolunye.
Yintoni ekufutshane
Indlela imigca eba zizandi ngayo: Funda ukufunda umculo obhaliweyo. Olona lungqongqo kuzo zonke iintlobo, lunotshintsho olusithandathu lomxholo omnye: Ifuga. Indlela yokubala isahlulo esinye sesingqi phambi kokubala isahlulo esipheleleyo: Iimpawu zexesha.
Iimpawu zamanothi · Amagama omculo
I-Anotona iyakwenzela oku
Thatha umfanekiso wamanqaku omculo okanye udlale umculo — i-Anotona iyasibona isitshixo, ibhale amanqaku, ize iwathuthele nakwesiphi na esinye isitshixo. Simahla.
Jonga i-AnotonaInqaku ngalinye kweli phepha libaliwe, alikhutshelwanga.